Clinical Trial: Analysis of Adenosine on Sinus and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction in the Pediatric Transplanted Heart

Study Status: Active, not recruiting
Recruit Status: Active, not recruiting
Study Type: Interventional

Official Title: Prospective Analysis of Low-Dose Adenosine on Sinus and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction in the Pediatric Transplanted Heart

Brief Summary:

Heart transplants save the lives of nearly 500 children in heart failure per year. Columbia is one of the largest pediatric heart transplant centers in the world, averaging 25 transplants per year, and providing ongoing care to nearly 250 children with transplanted hearts. After transplant, children are at increased risk to develop sudden onset of abnormally fast heart rates. This research project will study adenosine, a medication that is routinely used to slow fast heart rates in non-transplanted children (i.e. normal hearts), and its effects on the transplanted heart. Adenosine is often not used in patients with transplanted hearts because, based on prior limited research in adult patients, the standard adult dose may have a longer medication effect, producing a slower heart rate for an undesirable period of time. However, the current alternatives to adenosine treatment are either inappropriate for the pediatric age range, or have increased risk of unwanted side effects. This research project will answer two questions: is adenosine safe to give a child who has had a heart transplant, and will it be effective in treating the fast heart rate?

All pediatric heart transplant patients undergo regular heart testing, known as a cardiac catheterization, one or more times per year. Three days before testing, participants will be asked to stop a regular medication, dipyridamole, because it slows the breakdown of adenosine in the body, and may increase its effects. (Of note, all patients that are on dipyridamole are also on aspirin, which gives a second line of heart protection, and will not be stopped.) After regular cardiac catheterization, all patients will already have intravenous (IV) access to give medication. Also, this setting allows the opportunity to have a back-up pacing catheter in the heart, ensuring that there will not be a longer than desired effect from the medica

Detailed Summary:

After cardiac catheterization, the study protocol will begin with 12.5µg/kg of adenosine (one eighth the recommended starting clinical dose), and will double to 25µg/kg, 50µg/kg, 100µg/kg and finally 200µg/kg (not to surpass the total maximum dose of 12mg). A pacing catheter will be placed within the right ventricle prior to medication administration. Escalating doses will stop if ventricular pacing is required due to a ventricular pause greater than 12 seconds or if atrioventricular block is demonstrated with a ventricular pause less than 12 seconds. If there is no prolonged pause requiring pacing and no demonstration of medication effect the subsequent dose will be given.

Progression to the next dose of the adenosine will depend on both the primary and secondary study outcomes. If the adenosine dose produces clinically significant bradycardia (> 12 seconds), ventricular pacing will be used to maintain cardiac output, and the dose will be considered unsafe to use clinically and testing will end for that patient. If the adenosine dose produces atrioventricular block but with a pause of less than 12 seconds (thus does not require pacing), the dose will be considered effective and the study will terminate as well. However, if the adenosine dose does not produce atrioventricular block or require pacing intervention, the dose will be considered safe but ineffective and the study will progress to the next higher dose. Before dose progression, the study will pause for additional 30 seconds to ensure complete adenosine metabolism, as the half-life of adenosine is less than 10 seconds and does not exhibit cumulative effects. The subsequent dose will then be administered and the ECG observed for clinically significant bradycardia and atrioventricular block. This will be repeated until clinically significant bradycardia and/or atrioventricular block is o
Sponsor: Columbia University

Current Primary Outcome: Incidence of sinus bradycardia or atrioventricular block with low-dose adenosine administration that is greater than 12 seconds and requires hemodynamic intervention (ventricular escape pacing). [ Time Frame: Up to 1 hour after the catheterization ]

Original Primary Outcome: Same as current

Current Secondary Outcome: Prevalence of inducing atrioventricular block (defined as a single non-conducted P wave) at adenosine doses lower than suggested starting dose (100µg/kg) in PALS algorithm. [ Time Frame: Up to 1 hour after the catheterization ]

Original Secondary Outcome: Same as current

Information By: Columbia University

Dates:
Date Received: February 26, 2015
Date Started: July 2015
Date Completion: July 2017
Last Updated: May 19, 2017
Last Verified: May 2017